Thérapie par cellules souches pour la fibrose hépatique: Un aperçu
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to the formation of scar tissue and impaired liver function. Thérapie par cellules souches has emerged as a promising approach for treating liver fibrosis, offrant le potentiel de régénérer les tissus hépatiques endommagés et de restaurer la fonction hépatique.
Pathophysiology of Liver Fibrosis and Stem Cell Potential
Liver fibrosis is triggered by chronic liver injury, which activates hepatic stellate cells (HSC). HSCs differentiate into myofibroblasts, the main producers of extracellular matrix proteins. Cellules souches, due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, have the potential to modulate the fibrotic process by inhibiting HSC activation, promoting hepatocyte regeneration, et réduire l'inflammation.
Types of Stem Cells Used in Liver Fibrosis Treatment
Various types of stem cells have been investigated for liver fibrosis therapy, y compris:
- Cellules souches mésenchymateuses (MSC): Dérivé de la moelle osseuse, tissu adipeux, ou cordon ombilical, MSCs can differentiate into multiple cell types, including hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
- Cellules souches hépatiques (HSC): Trouvé dans le foie, HSCs are responsible for liver regeneration and can be expanded in vitro for therapeutic use.
- Cellules souches embryonnaires (ESC): Derived from blastocysts, ESCs have the potential to differentiate into any type of cell, offering a versatile source for liver fibrosis therapy.
