Stem Cells in the Treatment of Inherited Liver Enzyme Disorders
Inherited liver enzyme disorders are a group of genetic conditions that affect the function of liver enzymes, leading to a wide range of clinical manifestations. These disorders can range from mild to severe, and some can be life-threatening. Terapia con cellule staminali has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of inherited liver enzyme disorders, offering the potential for disease modification and even cure.
Pathophysiology of Inherited Liver Enzyme Disorders
Inherited liver enzyme disorders are caused by mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in various metabolic pathways. These mutations can lead to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which can damage liver cells and cause liver failure. The severity of the disorder depends on the specific enzyme deficiency and the extent of the metabolic imbalance.
Stem Cell Sources for Liver Disease Treatment
Le cellule staminali sono cellule indifferenziate che hanno il potenziale per differenziarsi in vari tipi di cellule, including liver cells. Several sources of stem cells can be used for the treatment of liver disease, tra cui:
- Cellule staminali ematopoietiche (HSCS): These cells are found in the bone marrow and can be collected through a procedure called bone marrow aspiration.
- Cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSCS): These cells are found in various tissues, including the bone marrow, tessuto adiposo, e cordone ombelicale.
- Cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte (IPSCS): These cells are generated by reprogramming adult cells into a pluripotent state, which allows them to differentiate into any cell type.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Trapianto di cellule staminali ematopoietiche (HSCT) has been used for decades to treat severe inherited liver enzyme disorders. In HSCT, HSCs from a healthy donor are transplanted into the patient, replacing the defective liver cells. HSCT can be curative for certain disorders, but it is associated with significant risks, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).