Stem Cell Therapy for Liver Fibrosis: An Overview
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to the formation of scar tissue and impaired liver function. Terapia con células madre has emerged as a promising approach for treating liver fibrosis, offering the potential to regenerate damaged liver tissue and restore liver function.
Pathophysiology of Liver Fibrosis and Stem Cell Potential
Liver fibrosis is triggered by chronic liver injury, which activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSCs differentiate into myofibroblasts, the main producers of extracellular matrix proteins. Células madre, due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, have the potential to modulate the fibrotic process by inhibiting HSC activation, promoting hepatocyte regeneration, and reducing inflammation.
Types of Stem Cells Used in Liver Fibrosis Treatment
Various types of stem cells have been investigated for liver fibrosis therapy, incluido:
- Células madre mesenquimales (MSC): Derived from bone marrow, tejido adiposo, or umbilical cord, MSCs can differentiate into multiple cell types, including hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
- Hepatic stem cells (HSCs): Found in the liver, HSCs are responsible for liver regeneration and can be expanded in vitro for therapeutic use.
- Células madre embrionarias (ESC): Derived from blastocysts, ESCs have the potential to differentiate into any type of cell, offering a versatile source for liver fibrosis therapy.
