肝纤维化的干细胞疗法: 概述
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to the formation of scar tissue and impaired liver function. 干细胞治疗 has emerged as a promising approach for treating liver fibrosis, 提供再生受损肝组织和恢复肝功能的潜力.
Pathophysiology of Liver Fibrosis and Stem Cell Potential
Liver fibrosis is triggered by chronic liver injury, which activates hepatic stellate cells (造血干细胞). HSCs differentiate into myofibroblasts, the main producers of extracellular matrix proteins. 干细胞, due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, have the potential to modulate the fibrotic process by inhibiting HSC activation, promoting hepatocyte regeneration, 并减少炎症.
Types of Stem Cells Used in Liver Fibrosis Treatment
Various types of stem cells have been investigated for liver fibrosis therapy, 包括:
- 间充质干细胞 (间充质干细胞): 源自骨髓, 脂肪组织, 或脐带, MSCs can differentiate into multiple cell types, 包括肝细胞和胆管细胞.
- 肝干细胞 (造血干细胞): Found in the liver, HSCs are responsible for liver regeneration and can be expanded in vitro for therapeutic use.
- 胚胎干细胞 (ESC): Derived from blastocysts, ESCs have the potential to differentiate into any type of cell, offering a versatile source for liver fibrosis therapy.
