Stem Cell Therapy in Progressive Liver Fibrosis: 全面回顾
Liver fibrosis is a chronic condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of scar tissue in the liver, leading to impaired liver function and potentially life-threatening complications. 干细胞治疗 has emerged as a promising approach for treating liver fibrosis by harnessing the regenerative potential of stem cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of 干细胞疗法 in progressive liver fibrosis.
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis is primarily caused by chronic liver injury, which can result from various etiologies such as viral infections, 酗酒, 非酒精性脂肪肝, 和自身免疫性疾病. Hepatic stellate cells (造血干细胞) are the primary mediators of fibrosis. Upon activation, HSCs undergo a phenotypic transformation into myofibroblasts, which produce and secrete excessive extracellular matrix (细胞外基质) 成分, leading to the formation of fibrotic scars.
Role of Stem Cells in Liver Regeneration
干细胞具有自我更新和分化成各种细胞类型的能力. 在肝脏中, stem cells contribute to liver regeneration and repair. Two main types of stem cells involved in liver regeneration are mesenchymal stem cells (间充质干细胞) and hepatic stem cells (造血干细胞). MSCs can differentiate into hepatocytes, 胆管细胞, and other liver cell types, while HSCs give rise to hepatocytes.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Fibrosis Treatment
MSCs have shown promise in treating liver fibrosis. They can inhibit HSC activation and proliferation, 促进肝细胞再生, 并调节免疫反应. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSCs can reduce fibrosis and improve liver function in animal models of liver disease. Clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in patients with liver fibrosis.
