fluphenazine, 以品牌名称Prolixin等出售, 是一种抗精神病药。[1] 它用于治疗慢性精神病，例如精神分裂症,[1][2] 并且似乎与氯丙嗪这样的低功能抗精神病药的有效性差不多。[3] 它是用嘴给出的, 注入肌肉, or just under the skin.[1] There is also a long acting injectable version that may last for up to four weeks.[1] Fluphenazine decanoate, the depot injection form of fluphenazine, should not be used by people with severe depression.[4]
Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, depression and increased weight.[1] Serious side effects may include neuroleptic malignant syndrome, low white blood cell levels, and the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia.[1] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia it may increase the risk of dying.[1] It may also increase prolactin levels which may result in milk production, enlarged breasts in males, impotence, and the absence of menstrual periods.[1] It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[1]
Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class.[1] Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear but believed to be related to its ability to block dopamine receptors.[1] In up to 40% of those on long term phenothiazines, liver function tests become mildly abnormal.[5]
Fluphenazine came into use in 1959.[6] The injectable form is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[1] It was discontinued in Australia around mid 2017.[8]
医疗用途
一个 2018 Cochrane review found that fluphenazine was an imperfect treatment and other inexpensive drugs less associated with side effects may be an equally effective choice for people with schizophrenia.[9]
副作用
中断
英国国家配方建议停用抗精神病药以避免急性戒断综合症或快速复发时逐渐戒断。[10] 戒断的症状通常包括恶心, 呕吐, 和食欲不振。[11] 其他症状可能包括不安, 增加出汗, 和睡觉麻烦。[11] 不太常见的是世界旋转的感觉, 麻木, 或肌肉疼痛。[11] 短时间后通常会解决症状。[11]
有试探性的证据表明，抗精神病药的停用可能导致精神病。[12] 这也可能导致正在处理的状况再次发生。[13] 停止药物时，很少会发生迟发性运动障碍。[11]
药理
药效学
参见: Antipsychotic § Pharmacodynamics, and Antipsychotic § Comparison of medications
Fluphenazine acts primarily by blocking post-synaptic D2 receptors in the basal ganglia, cortical and limbic system. It also blocks alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, muscarinic-1 receptors, and histamine-1 receptors.[14][15]