Stem Cell Therapy for Liver Fibrosis: An Overview
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to the formation of scar tissue and impaired liver function. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach for treating liver fibrosis, offering the potential to regenerate damaged liver tissue and restore liver function.
Pathophysiology of Liver Fibrosis and Stem Cell Potential
Liver fibrosis is triggered by chronic liver injury, which activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSCs differentiate into myofibroblasts, the main producers of extracellular matrix proteins. Stem cells, due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, have the potential to modulate the fibrotic process by inhibiting HSC activation, promoting hepatocyte regeneration, and reducing inflammation.
Types of Stem Cells Used in Liver Fibrosis Treatment
Various types of stem cells have been investigated for liver fibrosis therapy, including:
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): Derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, or umbilical cord, MSCs can differentiate into multiple cell types, including hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
- Hepatic stem cells (HSCs): Found in the liver, HSCs are responsible for liver regeneration and can be expanded in vitro for therapeutic use.
- Embryonic stem cells (ESCs): Derived from blastocysts, ESCs have the potential to differentiate into any type of cell, offering a versatile source for liver fibrosis therapy.
