Terapia com células-tronco para fibrose hepática: Uma visão geral
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to the formation of scar tissue and impaired liver function. Terapia com células-tronco has emerged as a promising approach for treating liver fibrosis, offering the potential to regenerate damaged liver tissue and restore liver function.
Pathophysiology of Liver Fibrosis and Stem Cell Potential
Liver fibrosis is triggered by chronic liver injury, which activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSCs differentiate into myofibroblasts, the main producers of extracellular matrix proteins. Células-tronco, due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, have the potential to modulate the fibrotic process by inhibiting HSC activation, promoting hepatocyte regeneration, and reducing inflammation.
Types of Stem Cells Used in Liver Fibrosis Treatment
Various types of stem cells have been investigated for liver fibrosis therapy, incluindo:
- Células-tronco mesenquimais (MSC): Derivado da medula óssea, tecido adiposo, ou cordão umbilical, MSCs can differentiate into multiple cell types, including hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
- Células-tronco hepáticas (HSCs): Found in the liver, HSCs are responsible for liver regeneration and can be expanded in vitro for therapeutic use.
- Células-tronco embrionárias (CES): Derived from blastocysts, ESCs have the potential to differentiate into any type of cell, offering a versatile source for liver fibrosis therapy.
