Stem Cell Therapy in Progressive Liver Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Review
Liver fibrosis is a chronic condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of scar tissue in the liver, leading to impaired liver function and potentially life-threatening complications. العلاج بالخلايا الجذعية has emerged as a promising approach for treating liver fibrosis by harnessing the regenerative potential of stem cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of العلاج بالخلايا الجذعية in progressive liver fibrosis.
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis is primarily caused by chronic liver injury, which can result from various etiologies such as viral infections, تعاطي الكحول, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, واضطرابات المناعة الذاتية. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary mediators of fibrosis. Upon activation, HSCs undergo a phenotypic transformation into myofibroblasts, which produce and secrete excessive extracellular matrix (إدارة المحتوى في المؤسسة) عناصر, leading to the formation of fibrotic scars.
Role of Stem Cells in Liver Regeneration
تمتلك الخلايا الجذعية القدرة على التجديد الذاتي والتمايز إلى أنواع مختلفة من الخلايا. In the liver, stem cells contribute to liver regeneration and repair. Two main types of stem cells involved in liver regeneration are mesenchymal stem cells (اللجان الدائمة) and hepatic stem cells (HSCs). MSCs can differentiate into hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and other liver cell types, while HSCs give rise to hepatocytes.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Fibrosis Treatment
MSCs have shown promise in treating liver fibrosis. They can inhibit HSC activation and proliferation, promote hepatocyte regeneration, وتعديل الاستجابة المناعية. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSCs can reduce fibrosis and improve liver function in animal models of liver disease. Clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in patients with liver fibrosis.
